What Is a Brain AVM and How Dangerous Is It?
A brain arteriovenous malformation is an abnormal tangle of blood vessels directly connecting arteries to veins, bypassing the normal capillary network. This creates a high-pressure shunt carrying lifelong rupture risk. Annual rupture risk is approximately two to four...
Child’s Life After Hydrocephalus Surgery
Most children treated for hydrocephalus attend mainstream school and develop without significant neurological impairment. Outcome depends on aetiology, duration of raised intracranial pressure before surgery, and shunt complication history. Early surgical intervention...
Signs a Child’s Hydrocephalus Shunt Has Failed?
Ventriculoperitoneal shunt failure is one of the most common neurosurgical emergencies in children with hydrocephalus. Approximately 40 percent of shunts fail within the first two years of implantation. Failure causes rising intracranial pressure that progresses...