What Is a Neuropsychological Evaluation Before Surgery?
A neuropsychological evaluation before brain surgery measures memory, language, attention, executive function, and visuospatial ability to establish a precise pre-operative baseline. It identifies which functions are already impaired and which are at risk from the...
Brain Arteriovenous Malformation: When to Operate?
Operating on a brain AVM isn’t a reflex it’s a risk calculation. The Spetzler-Martin grade (size, location, venous drainage pattern) anchors the decision, but patient age, neurological status, and prior rupture history all shift the calculus. Not every AVM...
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: Symptoms and Surgical Options
Temporal lobe epilepsy is the most common focal-onset epilepsy in adults and the most frequent indication for epilepsy surgery worldwide. Up to 40% of patients don’t achieve adequate control on antiepileptic drugs alone. Temporal lobe resection carries the...