What Is Pineal Gland Tumour and How Is It Treated?
A pineal gland tumour grows in or around the pineal gland, a small brain structure that produces melatonin and regulates sleep. Its location near major draining veins and the cerebrospinal fluid pathway means hydrocephalus is usually the first sign, often presenting...
Neurotrauma Surgery: What It Is, When It Is Needed, and What to Expect?
Neurotrauma refers to sudden, traumatic damage to the brain, spinal cord, or nerves injuries that can occur in seconds but leave consequences that last years. Road accidents, falls, sports collisions, and industrial incidents are among the most common causes seen in...
What Is Cortical Mapping in Awake Brain Surgery?
Cortical mapping identifies which brain areas control speech, movement, sensation and memory before tissue is removed during surgery. A small electrical current stimulates the brain’s surface while the patient performs simple tasks, and any disruption marks a...