What Are Non-Motor Symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease?
Parkinson’s disease is known for tremor, stiffness and slowness of movement. But the non-motor symptoms are just as common, often more disabling and, in many cases, appear years before the tremor is noticed. Loss of smell, constipation, sleep disturbance and...
What Is Non-Epileptic Seizure and How Is It Different?
A non-epileptic seizure looks like epilepsy but produces no abnormal electrical activity in the brain. That single difference changes everything: the diagnosis, the treatment and the outcome. These seizures do not respond to antiepileptic drugs, and prescribing them...
Ependymoma vs Astrocytoma: How Is Treatment Different?
Two brain tumours. Both glial. Both treated with surgery first. After that, the paths diverge significantly. Ependymoma stays local, responds to focal radiotherapy, rarely needs chemotherapy. Astrocytoma spans grade 1 to grade 4, and at the high end, chemotherapy is...